Hybrid Names and Formulas
Below are the names or formulas of 109 naturally occurring hybrid taxa. All are de novo hybrids except for the cultivar aggregate Viola ×wittrockiana), with somewhat uncertain (although legendary) taxonomic origins. The accepted binomial, or the accepted formula where a validly published binomial is not available, is followed by "(ACC)". A synonym is followed by "(SYN)", with "-->" and the accepted name to which it belongs. Binomials are provided with their known parentage in brackets. Hybrid taxa with binomials are listed separately under both their binomial and their hybrid formula. It is possible that some older "uncertain" names (especially those by E. L. Greene) will prove upon further study to represent hybrids, and those names may replace some below.
Viola ×aberrans (Greene ex W.Stone) House (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola fimbriatula]
Viola ×abundans House (SYN) --> Viola ×subsagittata Greene (ACC)
Viola ×angellae Pollard (ACC) [=Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×bernardii (Greene) Greene (ACC) [=Viola pedatifida × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×bissellii House (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola cucullata]
Viola ×brauniae Grover ex T. S. Cooperr. (ACC) [=Viola rostrata × Viola striata]
Viola ×braunii Grover (SYN) --> Viola ×brauniae Grover ex T. S. Cooperr. (ACC)
Viola ×caesariensis House (ACC) [=Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×cestrica House (ACC) [=Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×champlainensis House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola septentrionalis]
Viola ×columbiana House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola communis]
Viola ×conjugens Greene (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×consobrina House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola hirsutula]
Viola ×consocia House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola cucullata]
Viola ×consona House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola sororia]
Viola ×conturbata House (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×convicta House (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×cooperrideri H.E.Ballard (ACC) [=Viola striata × Viola walteri]
Viola ×cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein. (ACC) [=Viola hirsutula × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×crassula Greene (ACC) [=Viola nephrophylla × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×crenulata Greene (SYN) --> Viola ×venustula Greene (ACC)
Viola ×davisii House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola brittoniana]
Viola ×dimissa House (ACC) [=Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola hirsutula]
Viola ×discors House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×dissena House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×dissita House (ACC) [=Viola hirsutula × Viola palmata var. triloba]
Viola ×dowelliana House (SYN) --> Viola ×consobrina House (ACC)
Viola ×eamesii House (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×eclipes H.E.Ballard (ACC) [=Viola labradorica × Viola striata]
Viola ×egglestoniana House (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola latiuscula]
Viola ×egregia House (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola sororia]
Viola ×erratica House (ACC) [=Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola fimbriatula]
Viola ×excerpta House (ACC) [=Viola baxteri × Viola fimbriatula]
Viola ×fallacissima Greene (SYN) --> Viola ×bernardii (Greene) Greene (ACC)
Viola ×fernaldii House (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×festata House (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×grandis Greene (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×greenei House (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola emarginata sensu stricto]
Viola ×greenmanii House (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola palmata var. triloba]
Viola ×hollickii House (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola fimbriatula]
Viola ×holmiana House (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola emarginata sensu stricto]
Viola ×indivisa Greene (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola pedatifida]
Viola ×insessa House (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola nephrophylla]
Viola ×insolita House (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola communis]
Viola ×lavandulacea E.P.Bicknell (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola primulifolia]
Viola ×malteana House (ACC) [=Viola labradorica × Viola rostrata]
Viola ×marylandica House (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×melissaefolia Greene (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola septentrionalis]
Viola ×mistura House (ACC) [=Viola sagittata × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×modesta House (ACC) [=Viola lanceolata × Viola primulifolia]
Viola ×modica House (ACC) [=Viola communis × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×mollicula House (ACC) [=Viola minuscula × Viola primulifolia]
Viola ×montivaga House (ACC) [=Viola septentrionalis × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×mulfordiae Pollard (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola fimbriatula]
Viola ×napae House (SYN) --> Viola ×grandis Greene (ACC)
Viola ×notabilis E.P.Bicknell (ACC) [=Viola brittoniana × Viola cucullata]
Viola ×parca House (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola septentrionalis]
Viola ×peckiana House (ACC) [=Viola sororia sensu stricto × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×perpensa Greene (SYN) --> Viola ×bernardii (Greene) Greene (ACC)
Viola ×perpera House (SYN) --> Viola ×cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein. (ACC)
Viola ×populifolia Greene (ACC) [=Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×porteriana Pollard (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola fimbriatula]
Viola ×ravida House (ACC) [=Viola hirsutula × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×redacta House (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola hirsutula]
Viola ×robinsoniana House (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola palmata var. triloba]
Viola ×ryoniae House (ACC) [=Viola cucullata × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto]
Viola ×slavinii House (ACC) [=Viola latiuscula × Viola palmata var. triloba]
Viola ×subaffinis House (SYN) --> Viola ×venustula Greene (ACC)
Viola ×sublanceolata House (ACC) [=Viola lanceolata × Viola minuscula]
Viola ×subsagittata Greene (ACC) [=Viola fimbriatula × Viola sagittata]
Viola ×venustula Greene (ACC) [=Viola affinis × Viola nephrophylla]
Viola ×vermontana House (ACC) [=Viola latiuscula × Viola sororia sensu stricto]
Viola ×wilmattae Pollard & Cockerell (ACC) [=Viola nephrophylla × Viola pedatifida]
Viola ×wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler (ACC) [exact parentage unknown]
Viola ×wujekii H.E.Ballard (ACC) [=Viola appalachiensis × Viola striata]
Viola adunca × Viola labradorica (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola baxteri (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola brittoniana --> Viola ×davisii House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola cucullata --> Viola ×consocia House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola emarginata sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola fimbriatula --> Viola ×hollickii House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola hirsutula --> Viola ×consobrina House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola nephrophylla --> Viola ×venustula Greene (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola palmata auct. --> Viola ×discors House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola palmata var. triloba (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola ×columbiana House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×dissena House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola septentrionalis --> Viola ×champlainensis House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola sororia --> Viola ×consona House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×discors House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola affinis × palmata triloba (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola villosa [=V. hirsutula] --> Viola ×consobrina House (ACC)
Viola affinis × Viola "palmata pseudo-stoneana" (ACC)
Viola appalachiensis × Viola striata --> Viola ×wujekii H.E.Ballard (ACC)
Viola baxteri × Viola fimbriatula --> Viola ×excerpta House (ACC)
Viola baxteri × Viola sagittata (ACC)
Viola baxteri × Viola sororia sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola blanda × Viola incognita (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola communis --> Viola ×insolita House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola cucullata --> Viola ×notabilis E.P.Bicknell (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola emarginata sensu stricto --> Viola ×holmiana House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola fimbriatula --> Viola ×mulfordiae Pollard (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola lanceolata (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola palmata auct. --> Viola ×eamesii House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola palmata var. triloba (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola ×insolita House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola pectinata (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×marylandica House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola sororia --> Viola ×egregia House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×eamesii House (ACC)
Viola brittoniana × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola brittoniana × palmata triloba (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola cucullata --> Viola ×bissellii House (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola emarginata sensu stricto --> Viola ×greenei House (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola fimbriatula --> Viola ×aberrans (Greene ex W.Stone) House (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola hirsutula (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola lovelliana (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola nephrophylla (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola palmata var. triloba (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola pedatifida --> Viola ×indivisa Greene (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×conjugens Greene (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×grandis Greene (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola stoneana (ACC)
Viola communis × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×modica House (ACC)
Viola conspersa × Viola rostrata --> Viola ×malteana House (ACC)
Viola conspersa × Viola striata --> Viola ×eclipes H.E.Ballard (ACC)
Viola conspersa × Viola walteri --> Viola labradorica × walteri (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola emarginata sensu stricto --> Viola ×lavandulacea E.P.Bicknell (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola fimbriatula --> Viola ×porteriana Pollard (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola nephrophylla --> Viola ×insessa House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola palmata auct. --> Viola ×ryoniae House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola palmata var. dilatata [= V. triloba var. triloba = V. palmata var. triloba] --> Viola ×greenmanii House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola ×bissellii House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola pectinata (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola primulifolia --> Viola ×lavandulacea E.P.Bicknell (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×festata House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola septemloba [=V. brittoniana] --> Viola ×notabilis E.P.Bicknell (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola septentrionalis --> Viola ×melissaefolia Greene (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×conturbata House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×ryoniae House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×greenmanii House (ACC)
Viola cucullata × Viola viarum (ACC)
Viola egglestonii × Viola sororia (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola fimbriatula --> Viola ×erratica House (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola hirsutula --> Viola ×dimissa House (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola ×greenei House (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×cestrica House (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola septemloba (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola septemloba [=V. brittoniana] --> Viola ×holmiana House (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola sororia sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola stoneana (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola triloba var. dilatata --> Viola emarginata-Lower Midwest × palmata palmata (ACC)
Viola emarginata sensu stricto × Viola villosa [= V. hirsutula] --> Viola ×dimissa House (ACC)
Viola "emarginata Lower Midwest" × Viola lovelliana (ACC)
Viola "emarginata Lower Midwest" × Viola palmata var. palmata (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola hirsutula --> Viola ×redacta House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola latiuscula --> Viola ×egglestoniana House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola palmata auct. Viola ×convicta House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola palmata var. triloba --> Viola ×robinsoniana House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola ×aberrans (Greene ex W.Stone) House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola perpensa --> Viola ×excerpta House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×subsagittata Greene (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola septemloba [=V. brittoniana] --> Viola ×mulfordiae Pollard (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola septentrionalis --> Viola ×parca House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×fernaldii House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×convicta House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×robinsoniana House (ACC)
Viola fimbriatula × Viola villosa [= V. hirsutula] --> Viola ×redacta House (ACC)
Viola floridana [V. rosacea] × Viola sagittata (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola palmata auct. --> Viola ×ravida House (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola palmata var. triloba --> Viola ×dissita House (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola communis × hirsutula (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola sagittata (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein. (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola stoneana (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×ravida House (ACC)
Viola hirsutula × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×dissita House (ACC)
Viola incognita × Viola lanceolata (ACC)
Viola incognita × Viola minuscula (ACC)
Viola incognita × Viola renifolia (ACC)
Viola labradorica × Viola rostrata --> Viola ×malteana House (ACC)
Viola labradorica × Viola striata --> Viola ×eclipes H.E.Ballard (ACC)
Viola labradorica × Viola walteri (ACC)
Viola lanceolata × Viola minuscula --> Viola ×sublanceolata House (ACC)
Viola lanceolata × Viola pallens auct. --> Viola ×sublanceolata House (ACC)
Viola lanceolata × Viola primulifolia --> Viola ×modesta House (ACC)
Viola langloisii × Viola rosacea (ACC)
Viola latiuscula × Viola palmata var. triloba --> Viola ×slavinii House (ACC)
Viola latiuscula × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×vermontana House (ACC)
Viola latiuscula × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×slavinii House (ACC)
Viola lovelliana × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola communis × lovelliana (ACC)
Viola minuscula × Viola primulifolia --> Viola ×mollicula House (ACC)
Viola missouriensis × Viola pedatifida (ACC)
Viola missouriensis × Viola sororia sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola missouriensis × Viola viarum (ACC)
Viola monacanora × Viola sororia sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola nephrophylla × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola communis × nephrophylla (ACC)
Viola nephrophylla × Viola pedatifida --> Viola ×wilmattae Pollard & Cockerell (ACC)
Viola nephrophylla × Viola sagittata (ACC)
Viola nephrophylla × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×crassula Greene (ACC)
Viola pallens auct. × Viola primulifolia --> Viola ×mollicula House (ACC)
Viola palmata auct. × Viola papilionacea auct. --> Viola ×modica House (ACC)
Viola palmata auct. × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×mistura House (ACC)
Viola palmata auct. × Viola septemloba --> Viola ×eamesii House (ACC)
Viola palmata auct. × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×peckiana House (ACC)
Viola palmata auct. × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×angellae Pollard (ACC)
Viola palmata auct. × Viola villosa [=V. hirsutula] --> Viola ×dissita House (ACC)
Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×caesariensis House (ACC)
Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×populifolia Greene (ACC)
Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola stoneana (ACC)
Viola palmata var. triloba × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×angellae Pollard (ACC)
Viola "palmata pseudo-stoneana" × Viola sororia sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola papilionacea auct. × Viola pedatifida --> Viola ×indivisa Greene (ACC)
Viola papilionacea auct. × Viola sagittata --> Viola ×conjugens Greene (ACC)
Viola papilionacea auct. × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×grandis Greene (ACC)
Viola papilionacea auct. × Viola stoneana --> Viola communis × stoneana (ACC)
Viola papilionacea auct. × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola communis × palmata triloba (ACC)
Viola papilionacea auct. × Viola villosa [=V. hirsutula] --> Viola communis × hirsutula (ACC)
Viola pectinata × Viola septemloba [=V. brittoniana] --> Viola brittoniana × pectinata Brainerd (ACC)
Viola pedatifida × Viola sagittata (ACC)
Viola pedatifida × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×bernardii (Greene) Greene (ACC)
Viola primulifolia × Viola vittata (ACC)
Viola rosacea × Viola sagittata --> Viola floridana [V. rosacea] × Viola sagittata (ACC)
Viola rostrata × Viola striata --> Viola ×brauniae Grover ex T. S. Cooperr. (ACC)
Viola sagittata × Viola septemloba [=V. brittoniana] --> Viola ×marylandica House (ACC)
Viola sagittata × Viola sororia sensu stricto (ACC)
Viola sagittata × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×mistura House (ACC)
Viola sagittata × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×caesariensis House (ACC)
Viola septentrionalis × Viola sororia sensu stricto --> Viola ×montivaga House (ACC)
Viola sororia sensu stricto × Viola stoneana (ACC)
Viola sororia sensu stricto × Viola subsinuata sensu stricto --> Viola ×peckiana House (ACC)
Viola sororia sensu stricto × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola ×populifolia Greene (ACC)
Viola stoneana × Viola triloba var. triloba --> Viola palmata triloba × stoneana (ACC)
Viola stoneana × Viola villosa [=V. hirsutula] --> Viola hirsutula × stoneana Brainerd (ACC)
Viola striata × Viola walteri --> Viola ×cooperrideri H.E.Ballard (ACC)