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Authored by Harvey Ballard on **.

Chasmogamous flowering habit by Arthur Haines, Native Plant Trust

Stipules by Ben Legler, University of Washington Herbarium

Chasmogamous flower by Arthur Haines, Native Plant Trust

Chasmogamous flowers in profile by Arthur Haines, Native Plant Trust

Map of Viola adunca [species complex] by Biota of North America Program

Map from McPherson and Packer (1974); open circles=V. adunca, closed circles=V. aduncoides