The Physical Environment

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black smoker


black smoker vent
Click image to see video

Black smoker vent on 10m high chimney 
with a temperature of 342oC

Photo credit: NOAA
Used with permission

 

Black smokers are vents of hot water and gas emitted from the ocean floor at great temperatures.

 

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© 2003 - 2015 Michael Ritter (tpeauthor@mac.com)
Last Revised September 26, 2006