Fill Flash--non-TTL autoflash with adjustable power: 1. Set camera to exposure for background, keeping shutter speed at or below flash sync speed. Note the aperature setting. 2. Set the aperature setting on the flash as follows: for one-half flash power, set it one stop open; for one-third flash power, set it a stop-and-a-half open; for one-quarter flash power, set it two stops open. Leave camera settings as they were. If necessary, change shutter speed and aperature to make available the aperatures used by the flash. Hints by Art Ketchum: In bright sun, anytime in the day you can take great fill flash images. Start by having your subject face away from the sun. Do not let the sun light the face, use the Sun to create your hairlight or backlight. Use the incident dome on your meter to read the light falling on the back of your subjects head, point the dome directly at the sun or where the strongest light is coming from. On a bright sunny day , typically with 100 ISO film, your meter will probably read about 1/125 sec at F:11. Now set your camera on manual at 1/125th sec and open the lens by one stop to F:8. Set your on camera flash on automatic but use the F:8 setting on your flash. You will get perfect fill flash images as long as you do not let the sun fall on the subjects face, and you must set your camera on manual, this will not work on Program or Automatic. from "Lighting for the 21st Century" at