Plasmodiophorid Resting Spores

The Discussion in Karling's 1981 paper on Woronina goes over the rationale for replacing the term cyst with resting spore. For consistency, the recommended term for the collection of resting spores is sporosorus instead of cystosorus.

Images of Resting Spores

• Pseudoligniera LMG
• Membranosorus LMG ∣ TEMG ∣ SEMG
• Plasmodiophora LMG ∣ TEMG
• Polymyxa LMG ∣ TEMG
• Sorodiscus LMG
• Sorosphaera LMG ∣ TEMG
• Spongospora LMG ∣ TEMG
• Tetramyxa LMG ∣ TEMG
• Woronina LMG

References for Resting Spores

• Braselton, J. P. & C. E. Miller. 1978. Cyst formation in Sorosphaera veronicae (Plasmodiophoromycetes). Micron 9: 37-38.
• Buczacki, S. T. 1977. Root infections from single resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 69: 328-329.
• _____ & S. E. Moxham. 1983. Structure of the resting spore wall of Plasmodiophora brassicae revealed by electron microscopy and chemical digestion. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 81: 221-231.
• Castlebury, J. A., J. V. Maddox, & D. A. Glawe. 1994. A technique for the extraction and purification of viable Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores from host root tissue. Mycologia 86: 458-460.
• Ciafardini, G. & B. Marotta. 1989. Localization of fragile areas in walls of resting spores of Polymyxa betae. Can. J. Bot. 67: 3123-3126.
• Haji Tinggal, S. & J. Webster. 1981. Technique for single spore infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 76: 187-190.
• Ikegami, H., H. Mukubata, & T. Naiki. 1978. Scanning electron microscopy of Plasmodiophora brassicae in diseased root cells of turnip and Chinese cabbage. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 44: 456-464.
• Jones, D. 1978. Scanning electron microscopy of cystosori of Spongospora subterranea. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 70: 292-293.
• Karling, J. 1981. Woronina leptolegniae n. sp., a plasmodiophorid parasite of Leptolegnia. Nova Hedwigia 35: 17-24.
• Kole, A. P. & A. J. Gielink. 1962. Electron microscope observations on the resting-spore germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetens. A'dam, Series C, 65: 117-121.
• Lahert, H. & J. A. Kavanagh. 1985. The fine structure of the cystosorus of Spongospora subterranea, the cause of powdery scab of potato. Can. J. Bot. 63: 2278-2282.
• Macfarlane, I. 1970. Germination of resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55: 97-112.
• Littlefield, L. J., P. Delfosse, J. H. Whallon, Z. M. Hassan, J. L. Sherwood, & D. V. R. Reddy. 1997. Anatomy of sporosori of Polymyxa graminis, the vector of Indian peanut clump virus, in roots of Sorghum bicolor. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19: 281-288.
• Moxham, S. E. & S. T. Buczacki. 1983. Chemical composition of the resting spore wall of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80: 297-304.
• Scott, E. S. 1985. Production and characterization of single-spore isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Plant Pathology 34: 287-292.
• Williams, P. H. & S. S. McNabola. 1967. Fine structure of Plasmodiophora brassicae in sporogenesis. Can. J. Bot. 45: 1665-1669.
• Yukawa, Y. & S. Tanaka. 1979. Scanning electron microscope observations on resting sporangia of Plasmodiophora brassicae in clubroot tissues after alcohol cracking. Can. J. Bot. 57: 2528-2532.